Swine Flu Virus

What is swine flu?
Swine Flu, or swine influenza virus, is caused by Orthomyxoviruses endemic to swine/ pig populations. Swine influenza virus (SIV) strains are named as Influenzavirus C or subtypes of Influenzavirus A. Swine flu Influenzavirus A subtypes are H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3.

How do you get swine flu?
One obvious way of transmission is through contact with pigs. Another way of getting swine flu is through contact with people. People who have swine flu may transmit the swine flu from person to person.

What are the symptoms of swine flu?
The symptoms of swine influenza virus are fever, confusion, disorientation, stiff joints, vomiting. One of the fatal symptoms of swine flu is the loss of consciousness as this may eventually lead to death.

The swine flu virus mutates and evolves rapidly. New variant strains have evolved. The new strains were found to show resistance to standard antiviral drugs like amantadine and rimantadine for H3N2 in humans. In 2005, the resistance in humans was 91%.

In 2005, the H5Ni virus was known to exits in pigs without showing symptoms. This finding was in Indonesia.

What are the symptoms of swine flu in human beings?
The swine flu epidemic has transmitted across the species. The symptoms of human transmitted swine flu are similar to human flu. The symptoms of swine flu in humans are fever, tiredness, loss of appetite and coughing.

What are swine flu’s more conditions and symptoms?
Other uncommon symptoms of swine flu include runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

How is swine flu transmitted?
The human transmission of swine flu is via contact with molecules that contain the virus. This means that human transmitted swine flu is spread through coughing, sneezing, touching, nose and mouth contact. The swine flu in a human is contagious during the first 5 days of the sickness. Some children and people can remain contagious for the first 10 days.

What is the treatment for swine flu?
In the US, swine flu is treated with amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. However, some strains of swine flu virus have evolved to become resistant to the drugs. CDC recommends treatment with Tamiflu and Relenza.

Where is swine flu prevalent?
In Mexico, the death toll was 86 on April 26, 2009. In Mexico, 1003 were suspected to have been infected with swine flu.

In Kansas, 2 cases of swine flu were reported.

In NYC, there were 8 cases of swine flu.

On April 26, it was reported that in Elyria, Lorain County, northern Ohio, a boy, 9 years old, had the same strain of virus found in the dead victims of swine flu in Mexico. The boy visited Mexico with his relatives. He visited a Mexican farm and several other places in Mexico. His Ely Elementary School has notified parents to watch out for symptoms of swine flu. The boy had a mild case of swine flu and is recovering.

In Canada, 6 swine flu victims were documented.

In New Zealand, there maybe some cases of swine flu.

In Spain, suspected swine flu cases are known.

What were the previous flu epidemics?
1918 - The Spanish flu pandemic.
1957 - The Asian flu epidemic.
1968 - The Hong Kong flu epidemic.

Source.

President Barack Obama visited Mexico and shook hands with Felipe Solis. Mr Solis, an archaeologist, shook hand with Pres. Obama as he received him at the Museum. Solis died 24 hours later from pneumonia. The White House stressed that flu symptoms took 24 - 48 hours for incubation before showing symptoms. Obama has been back from his Mexico visit for 9 days (counting backwards from around April 26) and his health is fine.

Obama’s Mexico visit.

Swine Flu wiki.

Google Map of H1N1 Swine Flu. Please click on the link below.

View H1N1 Swine Flu in a larger map

Track the Swine Flu virus in the USA. Please click on link to see the large map. Google is updating the map very frequently.

Is swine flu spread by eating pork?

The US’s National Pork Board said it was safe to eat pork as though as the meat has been properly cooked. The virus will be killed at temperatures of 160 degrees and higher.

The US pork producers have to protect its industry of $5 billion p.a. Pork producers, handlers, and everyone else down the line are urged to observe proper measures in processing pigs and pork. Farm workers are encouraged to shower before and after work. They should leave their farm footwear and clothing only for use on the farm. This may limit the transmission of virus through material.

In the US, swine flu was not transmitted from swine to human but rather human to human.

Pork and swine flu source.

What are the other countries doing to contain swine flu?
Read CNN’s report.

Updated April 27.
Spain has reported its first case of swine flu. The patient is a young student who had returned from Mexico. The patient has fever and respiratory problems. He has responded well to treatment. Source on Spain’s swine flu.

To be continued when updates are available.


Please dont forget to leave a comments.. thanks and have fun

Keyboard Shortcuts in WOrd

The shortcut keys described in this Help topic refer to the U.S. keyboard layout. Keys on other layouts may not correspond exactly to the keys on a U.S. keyboard.

For keyboard shortcuts in which you press two or more keys simultaneously, the keys to press are separated by a plus sign (+) in Microsoft Word Help. For keyboard shortcuts in which you press one key immediately followed by another key, the keys to press are separated by a comma (,).

To print this topic, press TAB to select Show All, press ENTER, and then press CTRL+P.

Help task pane and Help window
Using the Help task pane and Help window

The Help task pane provides access to all Office Help content and appears as part of Microsoft Word. The Help window displays topics and other Help content and appears as a window next to, but separate from, Word.

In the Help task pane
To do this Press
Display the Help task pane.
F1

Switch between the Help task pane and Word.
F6

Select the next item in the Help task pane.
TAB

Select the previous item in the Help task pane.
SHIFT+TAB

Perform the action for the selected item.
ENTER

In a table of contents, select the next and previous item, respectively.
DOWN ARROW and UP ARROW

In a table of contents, expand and collapse the selected item, respectively.
RIGHT ARROW and LEFT ARROW

Move back to the previous task pane.
ALT+LEFT ARROW

Move forward to the next task pane.
ALT+RIGHT ARROW

Open the menu of task panes.
CTRL+SPACEBAR

Close and reopen the current task pane.
CTRL+F1

Expand a +/- list.
RIGHT ARROW

Collapse a +/- list.
LEFT ARROW


In the Help window
To do this Press
Select the next hidden text or hyperlink, or Show All or Hide All at the top of a topic.
TAB

Select the previous hidden text or hyperlink, or the Browser View button at the top of a Microsoft Office Web site article.
SHIFT+TAB

Perform the action for the selected Show All, Hide All, hidden text, or hyperlink.
ENTER

Move back to the previous Help topic.
ALT+LEFT ARROW

Move forward to the next Help topic.
ALT+RIGHT ARROW

Print the current Help topic.
CONTROL+P

Scroll small amounts up and down, respectively, within the currently displayed Help topic.
UP ARROW AND DOWN ARROW

Scroll larger amounts up and down, respectively, within the currently displayed Help topic.
PAGE UP AND PAGE DOWN

Change the Help window from being separate from (untiled) to connected to (tiled) Word.
ALT+U

Display a menu of commands for the Help window; requires that the Help window have active focus (click an item in the Help window).
SHIFT+F10


Menus, toolbars, task panes, and dialog boxes
Access and use menus and toolbars

To do this Press
Select the menu bar (menu bar: The horizontal bar below the title bar that contains the names of menus. A menu bar can be the built-in menu bar or a custom menu bar.), or close an open menu and submenu at the same time.
F10 or ALT

Select a task pane or toolbar after pressing F10 or ALT to select the menu bar. Pressing the keys repeatedly moves the focus among the open toolbars, menu bars, and task pane.
CTRL+TAB or CTRL+SHIFT+TAB

When a toolbar (toolbar: A bar with buttons and options that you use to carry out commands. To display a toolbar, press ALT and then SHIFT+F10.) or menu bar is selected, select the next or previous button or menu.
TAB or SHIFT+TAB

Open the selected menu, or perform the action for the selected button or command.
ENTER

Display the shortcut menu (shortcut menu: A menu that shows a list of commands relevant to a particular item. To display a shortcut menu, right-click an item or press SHIFT+F10.) for the selected item.
SHIFT+F10

Display the title bar shortcut menu.
ALT+SPACEBAR

When a menu or submenu (submenu: A menu that appears when a user points to a command on a higher-level menu.) is open, select the next or previous command.
DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW

Select the menu to the left or right. When a submenu is open, switch between the main menu and the submenu.
LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW

Select the first or last command on the menu or submenu.
HOME or END

Close an open menu. When a submenu is open, close only the submenu.
ESC

Open the selected menu.
SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

When a shortened menu is open, display the full set of commands.
CTRL+DOWN ARROW

Add a toolbar button to a menu. When you type this shortcut key and then click a toolbar button, Microsoft Word adds the button to the appropriate menu. For example, click Bullets on the Formatting toolbar to add the Bullets command to the Format menu.
ALT+CTRL+= (equal sign)

Remove a command from a menu. When you type this shortcut key and then select a menu command, the command is removed. You can add the menu command back to the menu if you change your mind.
ALT+CTRL+- (dash key)

Customize the shortcut key for a menu command. When you type this shortcut key and then select a menu command, the Customize Keyboard dialog box opens so you can add, change, or remove the shortcut key.
ALT+CTRL++ (plus key on numeric keypad)


Note You can use the keyboard to select any menu command on the menu bar. Press ALT to select the menu bar. Press the letter that is underlined in the menu name that contains the command you want. In the menu that appears, press the letter underlined in the command name that you want.

Access and use task panes

To do this Press
Open the task pane or hide the current task pane.
CTRL+F1

Move to a task pane (task pane: A window within an Office program that provides commonly used commands. Its location and small size allow you to use these commands while still working on your files.) from another pane in the program window. (You may need to press F6 more than once.)
F6

Note If pressing F6 doesn't display the task pane you want, try pressing ALT to place focus on the menu bar, and then pressing CTRL+TAB to move to the task pane. In addition, if you open a dialog box from the Reveal Formatting task pane, the focus may be in your document after you close the dialog box, rather than in the task pane. You can use F6 or CTRL+TAB to return to the task pane.

When a menu or toolbar (toolbar: A bar with buttons and options that you use to carry out commands. To display a toolbar, press ALT and then SHIFT+F10.) is active, move to a task pane. (You may need to press CTRL+TAB more than once.)
CTRL+TAB

Open the menu of task panes.
CTRL+SPACEBAR

Go to the Getting Started task pane.
ALT+HOME

Reverse the sequence of task panes you opened.
ALT+LEFT ARROW

Repeat the sequence of task panes you opened.
ALT+RIGHT ARROW

Close a menu if one is currently open, or go back to the document.
ESC

When a task pane is active, select the next or previous option in the task pane.
TAB or SHIFT+TAB

Move among choices in a selected submenu; move among certain options in a group of options.
DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW

Open the selected menu, or perform the action assigned to the selected button.
SPACEBAR or ENTER

Open a shortcut menu (shortcut menu: A menu that shows a list of commands relevant to a particular item. To display a shortcut menu, right-click an item or press SHIFT+F10.) in a document; open a drop-down menu for the selected gallery item.
SHIFT+F10

When a menu or submenu is visible, select the first or last command on the menu or submenu.
HOME or END

Scroll up or down in the selected gallery list.
PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN

Expand or collapse a collapsible item in the gallery list.
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW or CTRL+LEFT ARROW

Move to the top or bottom of the selected gallery list.
CTRL+HOME or CTRL+END


Resize and move toolbars, menus, and task panes

Press ALT to select the menu bar (menu bar: The horizontal bar below the title bar that contains the names of menus. A menu bar can be the built-in menu bar or a custom menu bar.).
Press CTRL+TAB repeatedly to select a toolbar (toolbar: A bar with buttons and options that you use to carry out commands. To display a toolbar, press ALT and then SHIFT+F10.) or the task pane (task pane: A window within an Office program that provides commonly used commands. Its location and small size allow you to use these commands while still working on your files.).
Do one of the following:
Resize a toolbar

In the toolbar, press CTRL+SPACEBAR to display the Toolbar Options menu.
Select the Size command, and then press ENTER.
Use the arrow keys to resize the toolbar. Press CTRL+ the arrow keys to resize one pixel at a time.
Move a toolbar

In the toolbar, press CTRL+SPACEBAR to display the Toolbar Options menu.
Select the Move command, and then press ENTER.
Use the arrow keys to position the toolbar. Press CTRL+ the arrow keys to move one pixel at a time. To undock the toolbar, press DOWN ARROW repeatedly. To dock the toolbar vertically on the left or right side, press LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW respectively when the toolbar is all the way to the left or right side.
Resize a task pane

In the task pane, press CTRL+SPACEBAR to display a menu of additional commands.
Use the DOWN ARROW key to select the Size command, and then press ENTER.
Use the arrow keys to resize the task pane. Use CTRL+ the arrow keys to resize by one pixel at a time.
Move a task pane

In the task pane, press CTRL+SPACEBAR to display a menu of additional commands.
Use the DOWN ARROW key to select the Move command, and then press ENTER.
Use the arrow keys to position the task pane. Use CTRL+ the arrow keys to move one pixel at a time.
Note If you move the task pane up into the toolbars or down into the status bar, the pane attaches itself to the bars and reorients itself horizontally. To return the task pane to its vertical position, use the arrow keys to move it away from the bars.
When you are finished moving or resizing, press ESC or ENTER.
Use dialog boxes

To do this Press
Move from an open dialog box back to the document for dialog boxes such as Find and Replace that support this behavior.
ALT+F6

Move to the next option or option group.
TAB

Move to the previous option or option group.
SHIFT+TAB

Switch to the next tab in a dialog box.
CTRL+TAB

Switch to the previous tab in a dialog box.
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB

Move between options in an open drop-down list, or between options in a group of options.
Arrow keys

Perform the action assigned to the selected button; check or clear the selected check box.
SPACEBAR

Open the list if it is closed and move to that option in the list.
First letter of an option in a drop-down list

Select an option; select or clear a check box.
ALT+ the letter underlined in an option

Open a selected drop-down list.
ALT+DOWN ARROW

Close a selected drop-down list; cancel a command and close a dialog box.
ESC

Run the selected command.
ENTER


Use edit boxes within dialog boxes

An edit box is a blank in which you type or paste an entry, such as your user name or the path (path: The route that the operating system uses to locate a folder or file; for example, C:\House finances\March.doc.) to a folder.

To do this Press
Move to the beginning of the entry.
HOME

Move to the end of the entry.
END

Move one character to the left or right.
LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW

Move one word to the left.
CTRL+LEFT ARROW

Move one word to the right.
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW

Select or unselect one character to the left.
SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Select or unselect one character to the right.
SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Select or unselect one word to the left.
CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Select or unselect one word to the right.
CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Select from the insertion point to the beginning of the entry.
SHIFT+HOME

Select from the insertion point to the end of the entry.
SHIFT+END


Use the Open, Save As, and Insert Picture dialog boxes

To do this Press
Display the Open dialog box.
CTRL+F12

Display the Save As dialog box.
F12

Go to the previous folder ().
ALT+1

Open the folder up one level from the open folder (Up One Level button ).
ALT+2

Close the dialog box and open your World Wide Web (World Wide Web (WWW): The multimedia branch of the Internet that presents not only text, but also graphics, sound, and video. On the Web, users can easily jump from item to item, page to page, or site to site by using hyperlinks.) search page (Search the Web button ).
ALT+3

Delete the selected folder or file (Delete button ).
ALT+4

Create a new subfolder in the open folder (Create New Folder button ).
ALT+5

Switch between List, Details, Properties, Preview Thumbnails, Tiles, and Icons views (click the arrow next to Views ).
ALT+6

Show the Tools menu (Tools button).
ALT+7 or ALT+L

Display a shortcut menu (shortcut menu: A menu that shows a list of commands relevant to a particular item. To display a shortcut menu, right-click an item or press SHIFT+F10.) for a selected item such as a folder or file.
SHIFT+F10

Move between options or areas in the dialog box.
TAB

Open the Look in or Save in list.
F4 or ALT+I

Update the files visible in the Open or Save As dialog box (File menu).
F5


Quick reference
Common tasks done in a Microsoft Word document

To do this Press
Create a nonbreaking space.
CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR

Create a nonbreaking hyphen.
CTRL+HYPHEN

Make letters bold.
CTRL+B

Make letters italic.
CTRL+I

Make letters underline.
CTRL+U

Decrease font size.
CTRL+SHIFT+<>

Remove paragraph or character formatting.
CTRL+SPACEBAR

Copy the selected text or object.
CTRL+C

Cut the selected text or object.
CTRL+X

Paste text or an object.
CTRL+V

Undo the last action.
CTRL+Z

Redo the last action.
CTRL+Y


Language bar
Speech and handwriting recognition

To do this Press
Switch between languages or keyboard layouts.
Left ALT+SHIFT

Switch microphone on or off.
+V

Switch between Voice Command mode and Dictation mode.
+T

Display a list of correction alternatives.
+C

Turn handwriting on or off.
+H

Turn Japanese Input Method Editor (IME) (IME: A program that enters East Asian text (Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, or Korean) into programs by converting keystrokes into complex East Asian characters. The IME is treated as an alternate type of keyboard layout.) on 101 keyboard on or off.
ALT+~

Turn Korean IME on 101 keyboard on or off.
Right ALT

Turn Chinese IME on 101 keyboard on or off.
CTRL+SPACEBAR


Notes

You can set the key combination for switching between languages or keyboard layouts in the Advanced Key Setting dialog box. To open the Advanced Key Setting dialog box, right-click the Language bar, and then click Settings. Under Preferences, click Key Settings.
The Windows logo key () is available on the bottom row of keys on most keyboards.
E-mail
Sending e-mail messages

Use the following keys (if you are e-mailing a document or a message) when the insertion point is in the e-mail header. To move the insertion point into the e-mail header, press SHIFT+TAB.

To do this Press
Send the active document (active document: The document in which you're working. Text you type or graphics you insert in Microsoft Word appear in the active document. The title bar of the active document is highlighted.) or message.
ALT+S

Open the Address Book.
CTRL+SHIFT+B

When the insertion point is in the message header, check the names on the To, Cc, and Bcc lines against the Address Book.
ALT+K, CTRL+K

Open the Address Book in the To field.
ALT+. (period)

When the insertion point is in the message header, open the Address Book in the Cc field.
ALT+C

If the Bcc field is visible, open the Address Book in the Bcc field. To display the Bcc field, open the Address Book for any field, and insert or type a name in the Bcc box.
ALT+B

Go to the Subject field.
ALT+J

Open the Microsoft Outlook Message Options dialog box.
ALT+P

Create a message flag.
CTRL+SHIFT+G

When the insertion point is in the message header, move to the next box in the e-mail header. When the last box in the e-mail header is active, TAB moves the insertion point to the body of the document or message.
TAB

Select the previous field or button in the e-mail header.
SHIFT+TAB

When the insertion point is in the message header, select the Send button. You can then use the arrow keys to move to the other buttons. To perform the action for the selected button or command, press ENTER.
CTRL+TAB


Working with documents and Web pages
Create, view, and save documents

To do this Press
Create a new document of the same type as the current or most recent document.
CTRL+N

Open a document.
CTRL+O

Close a document.
CTRL+W

Split the document window.
ALT+CTRL+S

Remove the document window split.
ALT+SHIFT+C

Save a document.
CTRL+S


Find, replace, and browse through text

To do this Press
Find text, formatting, and special items.
CTRL+F

Repeat find (after closing Find and Replace window).
ALT+CTRL+Y

Replace text, specific formatting, and special items.
CTRL+H

Go to a page, bookmark, footnote, table, comment, graphic, or other location.
CTRL+G

Switch between documents or sections of a document, and between a document and an open e-mail message if you use Word as your e-mail editor.
ALT+CTRL+Z

Open a list of browse options; use the arrow keys to select an option, and then press ENTER to browse through a document by using the selected option.
ALT+CTRL+HOME


Undo and redo actions

To do this Press
Cancel an action.
ESC

Undo an action.
CTRL+Z

Redo or repeat an action.
CTRL+Y


Switch to another view

To do this Press
Switch to print layout view (Print Layout view: A view of a document or other object as it will appear when you print it. For example, items such as headers, footnotes, columns, and text boxes appear in their actual positions.).
ALT+CTRL+P

Switch to outline view (outline view: A view that shows the headings of a document indented to represent their level in the document's structure. You can also use outline view to work with master documents.).
ALT+CTRL+O

Switch to normal view (normal view: A view that shows text formatting and a simplified page layout. Normal view is convenient for most editing and formatting tasks.).
ALT+CTRL+N

Switch to Reading View.
ALT+R

Expand or collapse subdocuments in a master document.
CTRL+\


Outline view

In outline view, press
To do this Press
Promote a paragraph.
ALT+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Demote a paragraph.
ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Demote to body text.
CTRL+SHIFT+N

Move selected paragraphs up.
ALT+SHIFT+UP ARROW

Move selected paragraphs down.
ALT+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

Expand text under a heading.
ALT+SHIFT+PLUS SIGN

Collapse text under a heading.
ALT+SHIFT+MINUS SIGN

Expand or collapse all text or headings.
ALT+SHIFT+A

Hide or display character formatting.
The slash (/) key on the numeric keypad

Show the first line of body text or all body text.
ALT+SHIFT+L

Show all headings with the Heading 1 style.
ALT+SHIFT+1

Show all headings up to Heading n.
ALT+SHIFT+n

Insert a tab character.
CTRL+TAB


Printing and previewing documents

To do this Press
Print a document.
CTRL+P

Switch in or out of print preview (print preview: A view of a document as it will appear when you print it.).
ALT+CTRL+I

Move around the preview page when zoomed in.
Arrow keys

Move by one preview page when zoomed out.
PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN

Move to the first preview page when zoomed out.
CTRL+HOME

Move to the last preview page when zoomed out.
CTRL+END


Reviewing documents

To do this Press
Insert a comment (comment: A note or annotation that an author or reviewer adds to a document. Microsoft Word displays the comment in a balloon in the margin of the document or in the Reviewing Pane.).
ALT+CTRL+M

Turn track changes (tracked change: A mark that shows where a deletion, insertion, or other editing change has been made in a document.) on or off.
CTRL+SHIFT+E

Close the Reviewing Pane if it is open.
ALT+SHIFT+C


Reading layout view

To do this Press
Go to beginning of document.
HOME

Go to end of document.
END

Go to page number.
Number, then ENTER

Increase the size of selected text by one point.
CTRL+]

Decrease the size of selected text by one point.
CTRL+[

Exit reading layout view.
ESC


References, footnotes, and endnotes

To do this Press
Mark a table of contents entry.
ALT+SHIFT+O

Mark a table of authorities entry (citation).
ALT+SHIFT+I

Mark an index entry.
ALT+SHIFT+X

Insert a footnote.
ALT+CTRL+F

Insert an endnote.
ALT+CTRL+D


Working with Web pages

To do this Press
Insert a hyperlink (hyperlink: Colored and underlined text or a graphic that you click to go to a file, a location in a file, a Web page on the World Wide Web, or a Web page on an intranet. Hyperlinks can also go to newsgroups and to Gopher, Telnet, and FTP sites.).
CTRL+K

Go back one page.
ALT+LEFT ARROW

Go forward one page.
ALT+RIGHT ARROW

Refresh.
F9


Note To use keys to go back or forward one page or to refresh a page, the Web toolbar must be showing. If the Web toolbar is not showing, press ALT, press V, press T, use the arrow keys to select Web, and then press ENTER.

Editing and moving text and graphics
Delete text and graphics

To do this Press
Delete one character to the left.
BACKSPACE

Delete one word to the left.
CTRL+BACKSPACE

Delete one character to the right.
DELETE

Delete one word to the right.
CTRL+DELETE

Cut selected text to the Office Clipboard.
CTRL+X

Undo the last action.
CTRL+Z

Cut to the Spike (Spike: A special AutoText entry that stores multiple deletions. Microsoft Word appends one item to another until you paste the contents as a group in a new location in your document. You can also use the Microsoft Office Clipboard to get the same result.).
CTRL+F3


Copy and move text and graphics

To do this Press
Copy text or graphics.
CTRL+C

Display the Office Clipboard.
CTRL+C, CTRL+C

Move text or graphics.
F2 (then move the insertion point and press ENTER)

Create AutoText (AutoText: A storage location for text or graphics you want to use again, such as a standard contract clause or a long distribution list. Each selection of text or graphics is recorded as an AutoText entry and is assigned a unique name.).
ALT+F3

Paste the Office Clipboard contents.
CTRL+V

Paste the Spike (Spike: A special AutoText entry that stores multiple deletions. Microsoft Word appends one item to another until you paste the contents as a group in a new location in your document. You can also use the Microsoft Office Clipboard to get the same result.) contents.
CTRL+SHIFT+F3

Copy the header or footer used in the previous section of the document.
ALT+SHIFT+R


Insert special characters

To do this Press
A field
CTRL+F9

An AutoText (AutoText: A storage location for text or graphics you want to use again, such as a standard contract clause or a long distribution list. Each selection of text or graphics is recorded as an AutoText entry and is assigned a unique name.) entry
ENTER (after typing the first few characters of the AutoText entry name and when the ScreenTip appears)

A line break
SHIFT+ENTER

A page break
CTRL+ENTER

A section break
CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER

An em dash
ALT+CTRL+MINUS SIGN

An en dash
CTRL+MINUS SIGN

An optional hyphen
CTRL+HYPHEN

A nonbreaking hyphen
CTRL+SHIFT+HYPHEN

A nonbreaking space
CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR

The copyright symbol
ALT+CTRL+C

The registered trademark symbol
ALT+CTRL+R

The trademark symbol
ALT+CTRL+T

An ellipsis
ALT+CTRL+PERIOD

A single opening quotation mark
CTRL+`, `

A single closing quotation mark
CTRL+', '

Double opening quotation marks
CTRL+`, SHIFT+'

Double closing quotation marks
CTRL+', SHIFT+'


Insert characters by using character codes

To do this Press
The Unicode character for the specified Unicode (hexadecimal) character code. For example, to insert the euro currency symbol (), type 20AC, and then hold down the ALT key and press X.
The character code, ALT+X

The ANSI (ANSI character set: An 8-bit character set used by Microsoft Windows that allows you to represent up to 256 characters (0 through 255) by using your keyboard. The ASCII character set is a subset of the ANSI set.) character for the specified ANSI (decimal) character code. For example, to insert the euro currency symbol, hold down the ALT key and press 0128 on the numeric keypad.
ALT+the character code (on the numeric keypad)


Select text and graphics

Select text by holding down SHIFT and pressing the key that moves the insertion point.

Select multiple areas that aren't next to each other

After making your first selection, hold down CTRL, and then select any other items you want.

Extend a selection

To do this Press
Turn extend mode on.
F8

Select the nearest character.
F8, and then press LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW

Increase the size of a selection.
F8 (press once to select a word, twice to select a sentence, and so on)

Reduce the size of a selection.
SHIFT+F8

Turn extend mode off.
ESC

One character to the right
SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

One character to the left
SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

To the end of a word
CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

To the beginning of a word
CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

To the end of a line
SHIFT+END

To the beginning of a line
SHIFT+HOME

One line down
SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

One line up
SHIFT+UP ARROW

To the end of a paragraph
CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

To the beginning of a paragraph
CTRL+SHIFT+UP ARROW

One screen down
SHIFT+PAGE DOWN

One screen up
SHIFT+PAGE UP

To the beginning of a document
CTRL+SHIFT+HOME

To the end of a document
CTRL+SHIFT+END

To the end of a window
ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN

To include the entire document
CTRL+A

A vertical block of text
CTRL+SHIFT+F8, and then use the arrow keys; press ESC to cancel selection mode

To a specific location in a document
F8+arrow keys; press ESC to cancel selection mode


Tip

If you know the key combination to move the insertion point, you can generally select the text by using the same key combination while holding down SHIFT. For example, CTRL+RIGHT ARROW moves the insertion point to the next word, and CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW selects the text from the insertion point to the beginning of the next word.

Select text and graphics in a table

To do this Press
Select the next cell's contents.
TAB

Select the preceding cell's contents.
SHIFT+TAB

Extend a selection to adjacent cells.
Hold down SHIFT and press an arrow key repeatedly

Select a column.
Click in the column's top or bottom cell. Hold down SHIFT and press the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW key repeatedly

Extend a selection (or block).
CTRL+SHIFT+F8, and then use the arrow keys; press ESC to cancel selection mode

Remove the selection.
SHIFT+F8

Select an entire table.
ALT+5 on the numeric keypad (with NUM LOCK off)


Move the insertion point

To do this Press
One character to the left
LEFT ARROW

One character to the right
RIGHT ARROW

One word to the left
CTRL+LEFT ARROW

One word to the right
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW

One paragraph up
CTRL+UP ARROW

One paragraph down
CTRL+DOWN ARROW

One cell to the left (in a table)
SHIFT+TAB

One cell to the right (in a table)
TAB

Up one line
UP ARROW

Down one line
DOWN ARROW

To the end of a line
END

To the beginning of a line
HOME

To the top of the window
ALT+CTRL+PAGE UP

To the end of the window
ALT+CTRL+PAGE DOWN

Up one screen (scrolling)
PAGE UP

Down one screen (scrolling)
PAGE DOWN

To the top of the next page
CTRL+PAGE DOWN

To the top of the previous page
CTRL+PAGE UP

To the end of a document
CTRL+END

To the beginning of a document
CTRL+HOME

To a previous revision
SHIFT+F5

After opening a document, to the location it was in when the document was last closed
SHIFT+F5


Move around in a table

To do this Press
Next cell in a row
TAB

Previous cell in a row
SHIFT+TAB

First cell in a row
ALT+HOME

Last cell in a row
ALT+END

First cell in a column
ALT+PAGE UP

Last cell in a column
ALT+PAGE DOWN

Previous row
UP ARROW

Next row
DOWN ARROW


Insert paragraphs and tab characters in a table

To do this Press
New paragraphs in a cell
ENTER

Tab characters in a cell
CTRL+TAB


Character and paragraph formatting
Copy formatting

To do this Press
Copy formatting from text.
CTRL+SHIFT+C

Apply copied formatting to text.
CTRL+SHIFT+V


Change or resize the font

To do this Press
Change the font.
CTRL+SHIFT+F

Change the font size.
CTRL+SHIFT+P

Increase the font size.
CTRL+SHIFT+>

Decrease the font size.
CTRL+SHIFT+<>

Windows Vista Advantage and Disadvantage

Got to know, what are the advantages for windows vista?
After a long wait, new service pack has finally arrived, as a new year’s gift to Microsoft’s windows customers cum lovers. Windows Vista is perhaps the major update to the Windows family of operating systems, after a long gap of around five years. The operating system comes up with rich set of features. There are some distinct advantages and disadvantages of vista over XP. The operating system also has some advantages and some sort of disadvantages. Let us see all of them one by one, now.

Windows Vista Advantages:
1. Improved Graphical User Interface, the Aero:
There is an entire new GUI for Windows Vista. The appearance of window, desktop, start button, start menu, taskbar, everything got a new look. Now, the window in Windows Vista looks similar to that of in Mac OSX. Minimize, maximize and the close buttons wore an entire new strange look. The windows can be made to appear in translucent, 3D modes, if the new Aero is applied. The start button has been modified to give a new look. The word “start” has been removed. Only the new Windows logo gets appear in start button. Start menu also got a new look. The desktop wallpapers got a new look too. The desktop contains a side bar, which shows a clock, and some of the widgets. Widgets are small programs, which is equivalent to standard short cuts.

2. Surf the net, without much worry about security
Browsing the net, without any security measures invites a major danger. Windows Vista enable one provide high level of security measures. Windows Vista has come with a latest version of Internet Explorer which is version 7.0. This provides a higher degree of security to the system, as well as, the operating system environment. It also warns strictly against visiting some fake sites. It includes phishing filter to provide higher security while surfing the net. Protection against spamming is also provided. The other security measures include tools such as Windows defender, advanced firewall, Encryption/Decryption of data, support for NTFS partitions, auto backup. The Windows Defender is a program which blocks suspicious programs which tries to do some illegal activity in the computer system. Advanced firewall provides security to both incoming and outgoing data.

3. Manage your knotty kids, using parental controls:
One can control kids by using parental controls in Windows Vista. Parents can now deny access to certain programs especially, the games. Through separate child account, parents can now keep track of what all activities done by the child. It also enables parents to control the activities by blocking certain activities such as running a game program, blocking some sites that, the child might have visited etc. For this to work, parent must setup separate account for the child with different password.

4. Play multimedia contents using latest media player:
The latest version of Windows Media Player bundled with Windows Vista. The Windows Media Player 11 enhances video, audio quality when playing sound, music, videos. It has got new look and has got a series of rich features. These features include URGE services from MTV digital music services, Simplified Library, Library layouts. The newest URGE services provide access to the huge collection of online music, song collections. The simplified library improves customization options. Whenever, one plugs some of the latest media player compatible devices, the media player detects the device and installs the drivers associated with the device automatically.

5. Improved search, Windows Explorer:
In Windows Vista, you will get the search result as and when you type some letters of a particular word. The explorer shows a list of all files in the folder by default. When one types in, the few letters of words in the search box, the files will get filtered out according to the letters. Suppose, if one searches for filenames of “govt. services”, the search will filter out and displays only files with filenames with the name “gov”, if you type “gov” in the search text box. It will further filter the filenames, when you type full form. Also, the look of Windows Explorer got changed rapidly. More sorting options are also provided. Different kinds of listing is also got introduced.

6. Date and time, know the difference in time across the world:
In earlier Windows operating systems, it was indeed difficult to know the time difference across the two countries. It proved difficult for online chat users. In Windows Vista, one can add additional clocks, to show the time of some other country. For example, if you want to know the time of London, then you can add clock of London to the additional clocks tray. The tray comes up for display, when one moves mouse over the time shown in the task bar.

7. Manage your photos using photo gallery:
Windows Vista has got an inbuilt tool called as Photo Gallery to manage digital photos. Using it, one can modify the photos. It has got ability to show previews of movie files, a feature, which was not there with Windows XP. Using this tool, one can transfer or share the photos from computer to devices such as mobile phones, PDA’s, etc. The photo gallery also has the ability to work high precision, high quality images, which are produced by latest high quality cameras.

8. Total different world, new experience:
Windows Vista brings you the new world of new experience. It starts from amazingly changed desktop, which goes beyond imagination. All icons look better this time around. The 256x256 resolution icons made Vista world to feel like you have got a computer from heaven. Networking aspect has improved further in Windows Vista, with the introduction of further security enhancements. Performance wise, vista makes life better, when compared with its predecessors.

Vista Disadvantages:
1. Requirements high, too hot deal:
Windows Vista, the next generation operating system requires superb computer to install. It consumes a lot more resources than its predecessor windows XP. For vista Aero to work, you need to invest something more than what you would have expected to invest before. The graphics card requirement is quite high. The graphics card must be of DirectX 10 supported. The required minimum graphics memory on the graphics card is 128 MB. For better performance, graphics memory must be of 256 MB. The minimum hard disk space required is 20 GB for installation of Windows Vista. Processor speed is also expected to be high for Aero to work smoothly without causing any hiccups. The memory requirement for Windows Vista system is high. The system will work smoothly when one has got RAM of about 2 GB installed. Totally, I would like to say that, Windows vista eats up lot of resources, than its predecessor, the Windows XP.

2. Regarding price, sucking your hard earned money:
The price of Windows Vista Ultimate edition seems to be too high. Ordinary user cannot thus, have a look into all the features of Vista, which is only available in the Ultimate Edition. Microsoft seems to be not so interested in country wise markets. The prices are set according to the US market. However these prices are on higher side for developing asian countries. Microsoft should set the price of Vista as per the market. It is the time for Microsoft to think over this aspect, having introduced stricter validation process.

3. Replace the oldies, another way of extracting:
This is a usual problem, which always exists whenever new operating system gets released, and you have an old system or have some old components in the system. If one decides to install windows vista in the old system, then they should check the compatibility of system components, checking whether Vista supports them or not. Some manufacturers will still provide Vista support for the oldies by providing the latest drivers for the same. If manufacturers are not providing the latest drivers, you need to purchase a new device as a replacement for the existing device. Before, you purchase a new device you need to check out for Vista compatible or Vista ready logo, which is put up on the device.

4.Window appearance. Did you like the different look?
In Windows Vista, the window appearance underwent lot of unwanted changes. The windows in Windows Vista, the window appears similar to that of MAC OSX. The Minimize, Maximize, and Close buttons, wore a different look. The three buttons got reduced in their sizes, making them unclear to aged people, people with eye sight problems. The minimize, maximize, and close buttons have reduced in sizes. The icon in the other end has disappeared, which makes the window slightly dull in appearance.

In overall, the new operating system, Windows Vista is said to be an ideal replacement to its predecessor, the Windows XP.

Which is easier to used XP or Vista?

Please dont forget to leave a comments.. thanks and have fun